diff --git a/src/records/memory/mempool/selection.rs b/src/records/memory/mempool/selection.rs
index 4a6539a..574c326 100644
--- a/src/records/memory/mempool/selection.rs
+++ b/src/records/memory/mempool/selection.rs
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[sender, receiver, &miner],
+                    &[sender, receiver],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[creator, &miner],
+                    &[creator],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[creator, &miner],
+                    &[creator],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[address, &miner],
+                    &[address],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[creator, &miner],
+                    &[creator],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[advertiser, &miner],
+                    &[advertiser],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[address, &miner],
+                    &[address],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[sender1, sender2, &miner],
+                    &[sender1, sender2],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[lender, borrower, &miner],
+                    &[lender, borrower],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 let lender_address = binary_to_string(lender.clone());
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[address, &lender_address, &miner],
+                    &[address, &lender_address],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ pub async fn apply_selected_transaction_math(
                 );
                 index_selected_wallet_transaction(
                     pending_effects,
-                    &[address, &miner],
+                    &[address],
                     block_number,
                     tx_index,
                     &decode(hash)?,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/borrower_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/borrower_tx.rs
index 08a62f9..596a190 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/borrower_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/borrower_tx.rs
@@ -109,11 +109,7 @@ pub async fn process_borrower(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey, txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[
-            &transaction.unsigned_contract_payment.address,
-            &lender,
-            &miner,
-        ],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_contract_payment.address, &lender],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txhash_bytes,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/burn_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/burn_tx.rs
index ffc550c..cab7ae3 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/burn_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/burn_tx.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pub async fn process_burn(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey, txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[&transaction.unsigned_burn.address, &miner],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_burn.address],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txhash_bytes,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/collateral_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/collateral_tx.rs
index 0dd3007..6403f02 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/collateral_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/collateral_tx.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pub async fn process_collateral(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey, txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[&transaction.unsigned_collateral_claim.address, &miner],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_collateral_claim.address],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txhash_bytes,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/issue_token_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/issue_token_tx.rs
index eb36d3b..b6c821e 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/issue_token_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/issue_token_tx.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub async fn process_issue_token(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey.clone(), txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[&transaction.unsigned_issue_token.creator, &miner],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_issue_token.creator],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txkey,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/lender_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/lender_tx.rs
index 9a93357..625bd26 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/lender_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/lender_tx.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ pub async fn process_lender(
         &[
             &transaction.unsigned_loan_contract.lender,
             &transaction.unsigned_loan_contract.borrower,
-            &miner,
         ],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/marketing_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/marketing_tx.rs
index edfc469..e45fc58 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/marketing_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/marketing_tx.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub async fn process_marketing(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey, txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[&transaction.unsigned_marketing.advertiser, &miner],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_marketing.advertiser],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txhash_bytes,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/nft_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/nft_tx.rs
index 13fd1be..4414fba 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/nft_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/nft_tx.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub async fn process_nft(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey, txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[&transaction.unsigned_create_nft.creator, &miner],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_create_nft.creator],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txhash_bytes,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/rewards_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/rewards_tx.rs
index 71d1f48..c6de6b2 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/rewards_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/rewards_tx.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::records::balance_sheet::operations::balance_sheet_operation_with_db;
 use crate::records::block_height::get_block_height::get_height;
 use crate::records::memory::mempool::BASECOIN;
 use crate::records::record_chain::pending_effects::PendingEffects;
-use crate::records::record_chain::wallet_tx_index::index_wallet_transaction;
+use crate::records::record_chain::wallet_tx_index::index_wallet_transaction_direct;
 use crate::records::unpack_block::load_by_block_number::load_block;
 use crate::sled::Db;
 use crate::Arc;
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ struct ImmatureReward {
     block_height: u32,
     miner: String,
     amount: u64,
+    txid: Vec<u8>,
+    entry_index: u32,
 }
 
 lazy_static! {
@@ -63,6 +65,13 @@ fn credit_matured_reward(db: &Db, reward: ImmatureReward) -> Result<(), String>
             .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to finalize reward balance: {e}"))?;
     }
 
+    index_wallet_transaction_direct(
+        db,
+        &reward.miner,
+        reward.block_height,
+        reward.entry_index,
+        &reward.txid,
+    )?;
     mark_reward_credit_applied(db, reward.block_height)
 }
 
@@ -71,6 +80,8 @@ pub async fn record_saved_reward(
     block_height: u32,
     miner: String,
     amount: u64,
+    txid: Vec<u8>,
+    entry_index: u32,
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     let matured = {
         let mut rewards = IMMATURE_REWARDS.lock().await;
@@ -79,6 +90,8 @@ pub async fn record_saved_reward(
             block_height,
             miner,
             amount,
+            txid,
+            entry_index,
         });
 
         if rewards.len() > IMMATURE_REWARD_WINDOW {
@@ -112,12 +125,18 @@ pub async fn rebuild_immature_reward_window(db: &Db) -> Result<(), String> {
         };
         let miner = block.vrf_block.unmined_block.miner;
 
-        for transaction in block.transactions {
+        for (position, transaction) in block.transactions.into_iter().enumerate() {
             if let Transaction::Rewards(rewards) = transaction {
+                let txid = decode(rewards.unsigned.hash().await)
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("Error decoding rebuilt reward txid key: {e}"))?;
+                let entry_index = u32::try_from(position + 1)
+                    .map_err(|_| "Reward transaction index overflowed".to_string())?;
                 rebuilt.push_back(ImmatureReward {
                     block_height,
                     miner,
                     amount: rewards.unsigned.value,
+                    txid,
+                    entry_index,
                 });
                 break;
             }
@@ -138,7 +157,7 @@ pub async fn process_rewards(
     mut binary_data: Vec<u8>,
     _db: &Db,
     index_counter: Arc<Mutex<&mut usize>>,
-    miner: String,
+    _miner: String,
     block_header_number: u32,
     pending_effects: &mut PendingEffects,
 ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
@@ -157,16 +176,9 @@ pub async fn process_rewards(
     binary_data.extend(transaction_bytes);
 
     // Reward processing records the txid location for later lookup by
-    // block/index, but does not make the reward spendable yet.
+    // block/index, but does not index it into wallet history until maturity.
     let txkey = decode(txhash).map_err(|e| format!("Error decoding rewards txid key: {e}"))?;
     let txvalue = format!("{block_header_number}:{}", **index);
-    pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey.clone(), txvalue.into_bytes());
-    index_wallet_transaction(
-        pending_effects,
-        &[&miner],
-        block_header_number,
-        **index as u32,
-        &txkey,
-    )?;
+    pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey, txvalue.into_bytes());
     Ok(binary_data)
 }
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/save.rs b/src/records/record_chain/save.rs
index f400dbb..18088b2 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/save.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/save.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::records::memory::chain_state::{
     cached_tip_hash, cached_tip_header, update_chain_state_after_save,
 };
 use crate::records::memory::mempool::{
-    apply_selected_transaction_math, ensure_db_connection, mark_processed_by_signatures,
+    apply_selected_transaction_math, mark_processed_by_signatures,
     mark_selected_transactions_processed, restore_processed_by_signatures,
     restore_selected_transactions_processed, select_transactions_for_block,
     spawn_processed_cleanup, stream_selected_transaction_originals,
@@ -75,10 +75,6 @@ pub async fn save_block(params: SaveBlockParams) -> Result<(), String> {
         }
     }
 
-    ensure_db_connection()
-        .await
-        .map_err(|err| format!("Postgres reconnect failed before block save: {err}"))?;
-
     let header_bytes = block
         .vrf_block
         .to_bytes()
@@ -150,13 +146,17 @@ pub async fn save_block(params: SaveBlockParams) -> Result<(), String> {
     )
     .await?;
 
-    let saved_reward_amount = block
-        .transactions
-        .iter()
-        .find_map(|transaction| match transaction {
-            Transaction::Rewards(rewards) => Some(rewards.unsigned.value),
-            _ => None,
-        });
+    let mut saved_reward = None;
+    for (position, transaction) in block.transactions.iter().enumerate() {
+        if let Transaction::Rewards(rewards) = transaction {
+            let txid = decode(rewards.unsigned.hash().await)
+                .map_err(|e| format!("Error decoding saved reward txid key: {e}"))?;
+            let entry_index = u32::try_from(position + 1)
+                .map_err(|_| "Reward transaction index overflowed".to_string())?;
+            saved_reward = Some((rewards.unsigned.value, txid, entry_index));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
 
     let start_index = {
         let index = index_mutex.lock().await;
@@ -219,8 +219,16 @@ pub async fn save_block(params: SaveBlockParams) -> Result<(), String> {
         .await?;
     }
 
-    if let Some(amount) = saved_reward_amount {
-        if let Err(err) = record_saved_reward(&db, block_header_number, miner.clone(), amount).await
+    if let Some((amount, txid, entry_index)) = saved_reward {
+        if let Err(err) = record_saved_reward(
+            &db,
+            block_header_number,
+            miner.clone(),
+            amount,
+            txid,
+            entry_index,
+        )
+        .await
         {
             error!(
                 "Failed to update immature reward window for block {block_header_number}: {err}"
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/swap_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/swap_tx.rs
index 732fcdf..3a8bf8b 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/swap_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/swap_tx.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ pub async fn process_swap(
         &[
             &transaction.unsigned_swap.sender1,
             &transaction.unsigned_swap.sender2,
-            &miner,
         ],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/token_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/token_tx.rs
index 6216f63..bd41a5a 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/token_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/token_tx.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub async fn process_token(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey.clone(), txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[&transaction.unsigned_create_token.creator, &miner],
+        &[&transaction.unsigned_create_token.creator],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txkey,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/transfer_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/transfer_tx.rs
index 6330762..61c66f8 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/transfer_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/transfer_tx.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ pub async fn process_transfer(
         &[
             &transaction.unsigned_transfer.sender,
             &transaction.unsigned_transfer.receiver,
-            &miner,
         ],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/vanity_tx.rs b/src/records/record_chain/vanity_tx.rs
index 5f54e12..e55ea1f 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/vanity_tx.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/vanity_tx.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub async fn process_vanity(
     pending_effects.set_tree("txid", txkey.clone(), txvalue.into_bytes());
     index_wallet_transaction(
         pending_effects,
-        &[owner_address, &miner],
+        &[owner_address],
         block_header_number,
         **index as u32,
         &txkey,
diff --git a/src/records/record_chain/wallet_tx_index.rs b/src/records/record_chain/wallet_tx_index.rs
index 06668d0..b44439f 100644
--- a/src/records/record_chain/wallet_tx_index.rs
+++ b/src/records/record_chain/wallet_tx_index.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,22 @@ pub fn index_wallet_transaction(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn index_wallet_transaction_direct(
+    db: &Db,
+    address: &str,
+    block_height: u32,
+    entry_index: u32,
+    txid: &[u8],
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let key = wallet_tx_index_key(address, block_height, entry_index)?;
+    let tree = db
+        .open_tree(WALLET_TX_INDEX_TREE)
+        .map_err(|err| format!("Failed to open wallet transaction index: {err}"))?;
+    tree.insert(key, txid.to_vec())
+        .map_err(|err| format!("Failed to insert wallet transaction index: {err}"))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn txid_block_height(db: &Db, txid: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<u32>, String> {
     let tree = db
         .open_tree("txid")
diff --git a/src/rpc/commands/receive_torrent.rs b/src/rpc/commands/receive_torrent.rs
index 9044a58..be79518 100644
--- a/src/rpc/commands/receive_torrent.rs
+++ b/src/rpc/commands/receive_torrent.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ use crate::Arc;
 use crate::Mutex;
 
 const LIVE_SYNC_HEIGHT_GAP: u32 = 10;
+const STALE_NEXT_HEIGHT_ERROR: &str = "Incoming block is no longer the next expected height.";
+
+fn is_stale_next_height_error(error: &str) -> bool {
+    error.contains(STALE_NEXT_HEIGHT_ERROR)
+}
 
 pub fn should_trigger_orphan_check(error: &str) -> bool {
     // These errors mean the incoming torrent may belong to a competing
@@ -41,7 +46,6 @@ pub fn should_trigger_orphan_check(error: &str) -> bool {
     error.contains("Incorrect previous_block_hash.")
         || error.contains("Candidate parent is not current chain parent.")
         || error.contains("Difficulty mismatch with the blockchain data.")
-        || error.contains("Incoming block is no longer the next expected height.")
         || error.contains("Unable to read block")
 }
 
@@ -299,6 +303,12 @@ pub async fn torrent_submission(
                             .await;
                         }
                         Err(e) => {
+                            if is_stale_next_height_error(&e) {
+                                info!(
+                                    "[broadcast] ignored stale downloaded block: height={height} err={e}"
+                                );
+                                return;
+                            }
                             error!("[broadcast] setup_download error: height={height} err={e}");
                             if should_trigger_orphan_check(&e) {
                                 trigger_orphan_check(
diff --git a/src/torrent/torrenting_system/save_block.rs b/src/torrent/torrenting_system/save_block.rs
index 1720bc5..1e2f89a 100644
--- a/src/torrent/torrenting_system/save_block.rs
+++ b/src/torrent/torrenting_system/save_block.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::common::check_genesis::genesis_checkup;
 use crate::common::skein::skein_128_hash_bytes;
-use crate::log::{error, warn};
+use crate::log::{error, info, warn};
 use crate::miner::flag::is_reorganizing_mode;
 use crate::records::block_height::get_block_height::get_height;
-use crate::records::memory::mempool::ensure_db_connection;
 use crate::records::record_chain::save::save_block;
 use crate::records::record_chain::structs::{SaveBlockParams, SaveType};
 use crate::records::unpack_block::load_by_binary_data::load_block_from_binary;
@@ -98,10 +97,6 @@ async fn verify_and_save_block_payload(
         return Err("Candidate previous hash does not match torrent metadata.".to_string());
     }
 
-    ensure_db_connection()
-        .await
-        .map_err(|err| format!("Postgres reconnect failed before block verification: {err}"))?;
-
     // Run full block verification before allowing the chain save path to persist the downloaded block.
     let signatures = match loaded_block
         .verify(&params.db, params.verification_service.clone())
@@ -178,7 +173,7 @@ async fn ensure_next_expected_height(params: &DownloadSave) -> Result<(), String
     };
 
     if params.block_number < expected_height {
-        warn!(
+        info!(
             "[download] block is no longer next expected height: block_number={} current_height={} expected_height={}",
             params.block_number,
             current_height,
diff --git a/src/verifications/async_funcs/verify_block.rs b/src/verifications/async_funcs/verify_block.rs
index f02f5cc..35826bd 100644
--- a/src/verifications/async_funcs/verify_block.rs
+++ b/src/verifications/async_funcs/verify_block.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::wallets::structures::Wallet;
 use crate::Arc;
 use crate::Utc;
 
-const ALLOWED_FUTURE_BLOCK_SECONDS: u32 = 1;
+const ALLOWED_FUTURE_BLOCK_SECONDS: u32 = 3;
 
 impl Block {
     pub async fn verify(
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl Block {
         // validate hash
         Self::validate_hash_difficulty(db, hash).await?;
 
-        // Allow the same one-second clock skew tolerated during handshake,
+        // Allow the same three-second clock skew tolerated during handshake,
         // while the parent timestamp check below still enforces block spacing.
         if timestamp > current_timestamp.saturating_add(ALLOWED_FUTURE_BLOCK_SECONDS) {
             return Err("Timestamp in the block is in the future.".to_string());
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl Block {
         }
 
         // validate that the current timestamp is greater the previous
-        // block timestamp plus 2 seconds
+        // block timestamp plus 1 second
         let current_timestamp = Utc::now().timestamp() as u32;
         if current_timestamp < previous_block.unmined_block.timestamp + 1 {
             return Err("Mining to quickly".to_string());